Russian gas supplies to China rise 1.8% in April amid energy partnership expansion

Russian pipeline gas supplies to China increased by 1.8% in April 2026, according to Chinese customs data, with Russia maintaining its position as the second-largest supplier of this energy source to the country. The increase reflects the deepening energy partnership between the two nations amid shifting geopolitical dynamics.

The rise in gas deliveries forms part of a broader expansion of Russian energy exports to China. Russian Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak reported that China's oil imports from Russia surged 26% in the first four months of 2026, while LNG imports grew by 16%. Russia continues to hold its position as China's largest oil supplier, demonstrating the strategic importance of this energy relationship.

This energy trade expansion occurs against the backdrop of Russia's search for alternative markets following the loss of European customers due to sanctions imposed over the Ukraine conflict. Simultaneously, China seeks to diversify its energy supplies and enhance energy security through multiple supplier relationships. Analysts suggest both countries recognize mutual benefits despite existing power imbalances in their relationship.

Central to the Russia-China energy partnership is the existing Power of Siberia pipeline, which already transports gas from Siberian fields to Chinese markets. Both countries are also planning the Power of Siberia 2 system, designed to transport 50 billion cubic meters of gas annually through Mongolia. This planned pipeline would carry volumes equivalent to approximately one-third of Russia's pre-war gas exports to Europe.

The energy cooperation extends beyond traditional oil and gas trade. Russian fish exports to China increased by 46% in value terms during January-April 2026, with live crab exports rising 30%. This diversification illustrates the broadening scope of trade relations between the two countries across multiple sectors.

Regional conflicts have reportedly provided additional momentum for stalled pipeline projects. Tensions involving Iran and broader Middle Eastern instability have accelerated discussions around previously delayed infrastructure developments, showing how geopolitical events influence the Russia-China energy partnership.

High-level diplomatic engagement supports the expanding energy cooperation. Novak indicated that new energy projects are being discussed during Russian delegation visits to China, while agreements to boost Russian oil transit to China via Kazakhstan are being finalized. These developments suggest both countries are actively working to expand logistical capabilities for energy deliveries.

The relationship endures despite acknowledged power imbalances, with both sides recognizing its strategic importance. For Russia, the partnership provides crucial revenue streams to replace lost European markets, while China gains access to reliable energy supplies and favorable pricing arrangements. The energy trade represents a significant component of broader Russia-China economic relations.

While Australia remains the largest LNG supplier to China during the reporting period, Russia's growing presence across multiple energy sectors demonstrates the evolving dynamics of global energy markets. The partnership reflects both countries' adaptation to changing geopolitical circumstances and their pursuit of strategic autonomy in energy matters.

Challenges remain for the partnership, including infrastructure development costs, international sanctions compliance, and managing the relationship's power dynamics. However, the consistent growth in energy trade volumes suggests both countries view the partnership as essential to their respective strategic interests, making it likely to continue expanding despite external pressures.